Rock Music and Outstanding Rock Bands free essay sample

It even made my teeth prattle. The entire space appeared to be stuck of exciting climate and moved with the beat of every tune. The enthusiasm of individuals was gigantic. They wildly shook and moved to the beat of the stone tune, so needed to really get one with the individuals around me. The group didnt permit any close to home space. We were all firmly stuffed in there like Handed Beach during the pinnacle of summer. The principal craftsman of the show is Basso. He is an Indies rapper in Korea. From the start, didnt think about him much so my response was uninvolved. Be that as it may, as the melody started, I was caught by is exceptional music style and fabulous lyrics.Then, my response went to be energetic. Particularly, I was begin to look all starry eyed at the melody, Hero. This melody was totally a perfect work of art. All the solid beats, amazing rapping and remarkably certain verses Everything was great. We will compose a custom article test on Exciting Music and Outstanding Rock Bands or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After the exhibitions over, I couldnt express a word, even a moan, since I overpowered by the greatness of Bassos music style.. At that point, band Teardrop happened upon the subsequent stage. When ventured onto stage, they played their melody, Die To Live Right away with no remark. So I was humiliated from the outset, however soon I was effectively submerged in beneficiary vigorous performances.I was eager to the point that I ran, hopped high, and shook my body cruelly. It was actually made me practically dead since It was excessively hard for me. After the exhibitions, they said that they played their music immediately because to make the crowd focus on music. What's more, I did as they planned. So I thought they succeeded what they need to do. On third stage, the band who was notable for their unglued music and exhibitions, Galaxy Express appeared. Indeed, even before the music began, all crowds were yelled their name and made a commotion with incredible desires for insane performances.And, when their agent melody Oh no doubt! was played, all crowds raved like a crazy person and shouted as though they had seen a beast. The show lobby nearly appeared to crumple as a result of the overwhelming load of berserk and crazy person air. Lastly, my preferred Indies band came. The last band was Dibble. At the point when the main tune Abandoned was played, I couldnt take my eyes off the stage. The Fantastic exhibitions and a lot of lighting specialized kept my eyes loaded up with beautiful miracles as the music played on. The stage was a consistent whirlwind of excitement.This was for the most part brought about by the two incredible guitarists, Sunshiny and Rock. Add to this, vocal Jangling had an exceptional ground-breaking voice, and it was completely conveyed to me. As befitted to their band name Dibble, they demonstrated totally great concordance and standout exhibitions. It was a best stage I had ever experienced of my life. After the all exhibitions over, I couldnt take my feet off the ground in light of the fact that my heart and legs were shook like the old branches influenced in the breeze. It was really stunning to that degree. Im sure I cannot overlook the experience had that day. Rock will never pass on!

Management Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Self-Assessment Final Reflection Free Essays

It is safe to say that one is consistently during the time spent learning? Obviously! Each experience an individual has causes them to develop and create. Through these encounters, they learn new materials, and simultaneously, they find out about themselves also. Figuring out how to compose is similarly indistinguishable. We will compose a custom article test on Self-Assessment Final Reflection or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now As an individual peruses and composes to an ever increasing extent, an individual can develop and build up their perusing and composing aptitudes. This late spring was a developing encounter for all understudies taking the composing 100 class. By and by, I trust I have developed as an author. Toward the start of the scaffold program, my CSP class was approached to compose a paper. The theme was regarding why we chose to pick U of M as our school of decision. Composing the paper was a breeze and I felt certain that I would get a passing mark. Shockingly, when I was given back my paper, I understood I earned a B on the paper. In any case, during the timeframe where my educator was checking our papers, my Writing 100 class read David Bartholame’s article, Inventing the University. The first occasion when I read this article, I didn't comprehend what he was discussing and what his focal subject way. In any case, in the wake of perusing the article various occasions, separating it, plotting it, diagraming it, and expounding on it a few times, I had the option to comprehend what he needed the perusers to know; a light went off in my mind. I saw the mix-ups I made when composing my first paper for my CSP class. My article exhibited my absence of information on the numerous different exercises, and occasions held by the college. I was stuck in my normal spot, discussing just what I knew as opposed to searching out data so as to extend my composing capacities. I didn't look on the web to learn of some other data I could have utilized in the paper. Rather, I just expounded on what I knew. I additionally understood that association was a key when composing an essay.â The biggest study I had on my exposition was my authoritative abilities. My educator removed a few focuses for bouncing from point to theme. In spite of the fact that my hierarchical abilities were horrible when composing that article, I trust I have shown signs of improvement. This is expected to some degree to Mrs. Allen. All through the composing course, she continually urged us to consider our association when composing expositions, diary reactions, and other composing exercises. I’m thankful I figured out how to all the more likely sort out my papers, in light of the fact that during the second to a week ago of the concentrated scaffold program, I was approached to compose a last diary for my CSP class. This time, we met our folks and were gotten some information about our encounters while nterviewing them. While composing this paper, I gave close consideration to my association. I made everything stream into one another. I additionally ensured that my paper went in sequential request so it was simpler to peruse and follow. My teacher took about seven days to review my paper. During this time, I had the option to contemplate upon my paper. I comprehended what my educator was searching for, and I composed for him. I realized that I had given a valiant effort on the article; my association was strong and I had a pleasant stream. I at long last got my paper back on August tenth, accepting a 25/25. I was blissful when I had gotten my evaluation. This is all gratitude to my Writing 100 class and the difficult work that I put into the class. I’m appreciative I had the chance to take this class and figure out how to build up my hierarchical abilities. Through taking this class, my composing aptitudes expanded monstrously. At the point when I composed my first CSP article, I had no clue about that my association was slanted and that I could improve. In my eyes, I believed that I didn't require any assistance and that my composing was â€Å"perfect†, or possibly, near. In any case, I had the option to discover that I expected to improve my association so as to prevail as a school author. Without this course, it would have been hard for me to adjust to the school level composing required for an English class. The assignments we were required to peruse and expound on showed me my composition; I could see where I required improvement. My experience exhibits that with steady perusing and composing, an individual can keep becoming familiar with their own writing so as to improve. There is consistently opportunity to get better. Instructions to refer to Self-Assessment Final Reflection, Essay models

Can Classical and Operant Conditioning Account for the Development of Phobias?

Can old style and operant molding represent the advancement of fears? Old style molding includes blending an unconditioned upgrade with an adapted boost. The molded upgrade at that point delivers an adapted reaction. Operant molding at that point alludes to relationship between the reaction and the result. The accompanying paper will look at proof supporting old style and operant molding as a reason for phobias.Other speculations, for example, organic and developmental, will likewise be considered, as molding hypothesis is scrutinized for various reasons. Clinicians have recommended fears create as an outcome of molding, and numerous phobics can recall a particular scene which caused the beginning of their fear (Freud, 1909; Ost and Hugdahl, 1981). In any case, inquire about recommends it isn't essential for a particular scene to happen to change conduct. Kirsch et al (2004) examined rodents in a maze.They were left to investigate before food was presented, so, all things considered mistakes in the rodents' course through the labyrinth were decreased essentially. This recommends the rodents figured out how to explore when they were not fortified for learning, and they framed subjective maps without fortification. This proof of inactive learning proposes learning can happen without old style molding. Davey (1992) likewise discovered numerous phobics don't recollect a specific aversive molding scene, guaranteeing they have had their fear since they could remember.This recommends their fear may have created without molding. Rather there might be, for instance, an organic part of creating fears. There are sure fears, for example, for snakes and arachnids, which are more typical than others. Mineka and Ohman (2002) proposed primates and people can rapidly connect these articles with startling occasions since they have advanced to do as such; these items represented a danger to their ancestors.To bolster this evoluntionary hypothesis, Cook and Mineka (1989) presented monkeys to different articles, and discovered they effortlessly gained new feelings of trepidation of toy snakes and crocodiles, however didn't create fears of blossoms. They proposed this is on the grounds that they had no earlier introduction to blossoms in a startling scene. While this examination may at present propose molding hypothesis is a factor in the advancement of fears, as the primates still figured out how to fear the item, advancement may likewise be a factor of fear improvement.

Frees on A Midsummer Nights Dream Theseu Essay Example For Students

Liberates on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Theseu Essay s as Voice of Reason Midsummer Nights DreamA Midsummer Nights Dream: Theseus as the Voice of Reason In his play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare, unmistakably sets up the sentiments of Theseus concerning love. Theseus communicates his uncertainty in the verisimilitude of the darlings relate of their night in the backwoods. He says that he has no confidence in the ravings of darlings or writers , as they are as likely as lunatics are to be separated from reason. Coming, as it does, after the goals of the darlings difficulty, this monolog serves to excuse a large portion of the play an illusory imaginings. Theseus is the voice of reason and authority be that as it may, he retires from coming about difference in love achieved continuously befuddled goings on, and permits Hermia, Lysander, Helena and Demetrius to wed where their hearts would have them. This spot where the line among dream and reality obscures is a significant subject of the play. Theseus is additionally a darling, yet his issue with Hippolyta depends on the chilly truth of war, Hippolyta, I charmed thee with my blade, And won thy love doing thee injuries(I,i,16-17). He is anxious to marry Hippolyta and marriage is where reason and judgment rule. He wins the hand of his lady of the hour through activity not through sweet talk, kisses and murmurs propelled by her excellence. In lines 4-6 of his monolog he excuses the records of sweethearts and lunatics in light of the fact that they are both well-suited to envision a bogus reality as being genuine. When, in I,i,56, Hermia tells Theseus, I would my dad looked however with my eyes, Theseus reacts, Rather your eyes must with his judgment look.(57). Theseus has a firm conviction that the eyes of sweethearts are not to be trusted. That the eye of the sweetheart Sees Helens magnificence in a temple of Egypt(11) is, to him, verification of this. It accurately by captivating the eyes of the darlings that the faeries figure out how to make so much pande monium: Flower of this purple color, hit with cupids arrow based weaponry, sink in his indisputable favorite! At the point when his affection he doth espy, let her sparkle as superbly as the Venus of the sky.(III,ii,101-7) Puck doesnt change Helenas nature, nor does he change her highlights. At the point when Lysander wakes, he sees a similar Helena that hes constantly loathed and abruptly he is captivated. For Theseus this is simply fancy and in no methods grounded in actuality. Theseus questions even the presence of the faeries, accepting the sweethearts have, at a misfortune to clarify the illogical changes of heart theyve experienced, envisioned them up: And as creative mind bodies forward the types of things obscure, the writers pen transforms them into shapes and provides for vaporous nothing a nearby residence and a name.(14-17) A stunt of the light, a wealth of shadows, absence of rest, an overactive creative mind or any of these or million different causes are the most prob able clarification. In likening sweethearts, writers and neurotics Theseus gets into an intriguing area and serves to hoist darlings while he censures them. The maniac sees a bigger number of villains than huge damnation can hold.. while the writers eye Doth look from paradise to earth, from earth to heaven(9-13); therefore this equivalent creative mind is answerable for both frantic ravings and extraordinary workmanship. The solid truth of earth exists together with both paradise and damnation as the Faerie world exists together with the human world. A writer could, simply, be a crazy person relying upon the idea of his dreams. That darlings are frequently (terrible) artists, is prime case of this compatibility. Such deceives hath solid creative mind, that, on the off chance that it would however secure a delight, it understands some carrier of that satisfaction; or in the late evening envisioning some dread, how simple is a shrub guessed a bear!(18-22) Theseus depicts the defectiv e and inadequate thinking utilized by writers and darlings the same. Given proof of something, ends are made regarding the idea of that thing. This normally wrong end, having been reached, is trailed by silly mistakes and humorousness at any rate for the crowd. While doubting the idea of adoration and its impact on individuals, Theseus additionally perceives .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .postImageUrl , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:hover , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:visited , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:active { border:0!important; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:active , .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc 4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc4e2ca7865dc8825270eaaa11d6683b1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Where My World Began Essay

Profits from Academic Papers For Sale

Profits from Academic Papers For SaleIn the recent times, academic papers for sale have become extremely popular and it is for this reason that a number of businessmen are now turning their attention towards this lucrative market. However, as a business owner it would be of utmost importance to know how to increase your business profits through these paper classes sold through online sites.Well the first thing that you need to do is to ensure that you find the legitimate site and you are not dealing with an online scam. Once you have found a website with the legitimate papers for sale you can ensure that you submit the right papers. The online papers for sale can actually be divided into two broad categories; the certified and the uncertified papers.If you are an individual who is looking to buy the certified papers then you should make sure that you are buying from a site which is a trusted source. The website should have the capability to provide accurate information on the materia l so that you get the best value for your money.This is actually a form of marketing and business for many individuals and companies; if they buy the online papers for sale they are sure to build up their business. So, in order to ensure that you find the site where you can purchase the papers; you can make sure that you research about the company you are planning to buy from.Another way that you can research about the company is by asking your friends or your relatives for referrals; they may be able to give you credible sources of information about the legitimacy of the company. This will not only help you find the site with the correct materials but also enable you to know whether or not you are being scammed.Online businesses are available on the internet, but you need to make sure that you find the real deal. You have to make sure that you know the origin of the papers and you are sure that the seller is selling the material. By doing all of these things you are guaranteed that you are selling papers of a reputable source and the online seller.Once you have found a legitimate site to purchase your papers, make sure that you do all the paperwork needed so that you can get the documents and you can actually see the result. You have to ensure that you check out the school and make sure that they are the one responsible for the material you are getting; they can be some sites who are selling the certified papers for sale without the permission of the school.Therefore, make sure that you are not selling the papers of a fake site. It is always better to buy the right papers than to simply pay less than the price and get the paper for free.

Max Weber Essay - 4125 Words

Max Weber (Essay Sample) Content: Max Weber (1864 1920) is one of the leading German intellectuals of the 20th century, having written influential treatises on Sociology, Capitalism and Religion, and Bureaucracies as they represented the rational rule of society. When looking for the philosophical influences that influenced Webers theories, it is difficult to find as Weber critiqued in many ways Socialism in his writings but maintained an academic distance from other schools of thought. While Weber may be most influenced by the German philosophers Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche as they dominated German philosophy in his day, he is not writing to them directly or with frequent reference in his work, and his teachings stand independent. What is amazing about Max Weber is the influence that he had on academic Sociology in the historical context, for much of what we know of that discipline is generated from his methods and writings on the topic at the turn of the 20th century. Webers ideas on bure aucracy also lead to the formation of extensive government service enterprise being formed and operated on his philosophys foundation. In retrospect, Weber seems to have more similarities within his discipline with researchers such as Émile Durkheim and Frederick Winslow Taylor, writing on issues such as the scientific efficiency in bureaucracies, than with traditional schools of continental philosophy contemporaneous with him. Bureaucracy, as it is known in the practice of modernity, was largely created on the philosophical basis outlined by Max Weber in his works. As Webers corpus of writing is large and frequently focused on other topics, his writing on Bureaucracy is largely found in three of his main published works. Economies of Antiquity - 1908The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation - 1920Economy and Society (Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft) - 1922In his research, Weber analyzed the economic relationships of ancient societies and compared them to modernity. In looking at how societies were organized politically, Weber identifies three main types of political societies as fundamental in The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation. As the Economist writes:Weber described three types of leadership: the charismatic, the hereditary and the bureaucratic. Each of these, he claimed, can generate obedience, but each is suitable for a different stage in an organisations development. The charismatic leader suits an organisation in its early days, when it relies on the vision of a single person to push it towards its goal. The hereditary leader, who comes with authority that has been vested elsewhere (either because his father was chairman before him, or because of success in another organisation), is suitable for an organisation whose rules and precedents are well established. In the third bureaucratic stage, everything runs with machine-like efficiency, and authority and control are exercised 'on the basis of knowledge'. The military is one example of a n organisation in this stage. (Economist, 2009)In this manner, Bureaucracy as posited by Weber became an ideal type of society, one that was managed and ordered on the principles of rationalism. In the societies characterized by a charismatic leader, the social structure is more akin to authoritarianism or totalitarianism. The rule by decree follows ego, and in such it may be also filled with bias and self-interest, leading Weber to conclude that this was not the best form for an ideal society based on utilitarian principles, or the good of the many outweighing the benefit of the few. In fact, in charismatic leadership societies, the interests of the few were more apt to dominate the needs of the many. On this basis, Weber warned of the charismatic and its influence in politics presciently, for Hitler was to begin his rise to power from the Ashes of the Weimar Republic Weber helped to form within only a few years of Webers death.In the Charismatic leader and the type of society orga nized under its rule, Weber believed one would be more likely to see bias and illegitimate authority passed from generation to generation through the hereditary transference of wealth and power. Where land or property ownership was concentrated of one class, authority might wield that power in an arbitrary or authoritarian manner in order to maximize the benefit of a minority group in society. Thus the charismatic and the hereditary both represented a threat to the establishment and growth of progressive democratic principles in a society. Where Weber studied Marx in order to critique the theories of communism and socialism with a progressive view of democracy in capitalism, he still required a means of authority and administration in society that would reflect his ideal. He saw in bureaucracy the ideal social from of rational administration that he was searching for in rational governance.Therefore, it is important to view Weber as both an exemplar of rationalism and idealism in hi s philosophy and writings. Weber appears as a rationalist because he favors a subjective inquiry into the issues of history and culture that is approached through the facilities of the mind and reason. While Weber does employ statistical methodology and empiricism, he is much more expressing the proclivity for a philosophy of the State based on reason, openness, and co-operation than that ruled by authoritative dictate or decree. The development of progress required both the ideal and rationality, in the way that reason creates the ideal, and thus Weber can also be associated with a unique type of pre-WWII German progressivism that was to be highly influential all over the world in developing the sociological approach.Bureaucracy is the division of labour applied to administration 'Bureau', is a French word meaning desk, or by extension, an office; thus, 'Bureaucracy' is rule through a desk or office, that is, a form of organization built on the preparation and dispatch of written d ocuments. In contrast to the commonly held view of bureaucracies, they do not 'rule' in their own right but are the means by which a monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, or other form of authority, rules. (MIS, 2010)In this instance it is clear, in that imagining an ideal society ruled by reason, the desk or office would become a symbol of modernity and the new administration. This was fundamentally democratic, and Weber tried to implement these principles in founding a democracy, in the example if the Weimar Republic. This is important in that Weber explicitly rejected authoritarianism and totalitarianism in a time when it was dangerously perilous to German civil society. In doing so, he laid down the principles for a continental bureaucracy that is still existent and evolving around the world to this day.MODERN officialdom functions in the following specific manner:I. There is the principle of fixed and official jurisdictional areas, which are generally ordered by rules, that is, by laws or administrative regulations.1. The regular activities required for the purposes of the bureaucratically governed structure are distributed in a fixed way as official duties.2. The authority to give the commands required for the discharge of these duties is distributed in a stable way and is strictly delimited by rules concerning the coercive means, physical, sacerdotal, or otherwise, which may be placed at the disposal of officials.3. Methodical provision is made for the regular and continuous fulfilment of these duties and for the execution of the corresponding rights; only persons who have the generally regulated qualifications to serve are employed.In public and lawful government these three elements constitute 'bureaucratic authority.' In private economic domination, they constitute bureaucratic 'management.' Bureaucracy, thus understood, is fully developed in political and ecclesiastical communities only in the modern state, and, in the private economy, only in the most advanced institutions of capitalism. (Weber, Wirtschaft, pp. 650-78)From Max Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, part III, chap. 6 - VIII. BureaucracyIn this quote from Economy and Society (Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft) (1922), Weber gives his most complete outline of the characteristics of bureaucracy. In the first instance, bureaucracy is an official duty and with this comes the idea of service to the ideals of progress and reason, as well as to democracy. In that this is a civil position, it is the essence of authority, but the administration from desk is also a career and a profession, with its own logic of governance that can be implemented to create social change. If one considers the degree to which progressive idealism can model a future society, in mind, theory, or text, it becomes clear that their must also be a means and a method to implement the vision. Thus Weber creates the ideal of bureaucracy as a critique of socialism but also as a means through which progressive dem ocracy and scientific progress could implement a transformative vision to the wider society at large.That this task and goal of bureaucracy involved the organization of the resources of the State that were also considered the heritage or resources of the community of individuals, the use of progressive means and models to organize society was required by Weber. The bureaucracy functioned in this way but was removed from the passions of the day by being anchored in a career professionalism and a higher logic of the ideals on behalf of the bureaucrat. Thus, this model involves a level of trust of society to the bureaucrat that corruption not develop within the system of bureaucracy and give birth to the same forms of bias and inequality that are shown in the charismatic and hereditary forms of society. Yet Weber does not develop sufficient anti-corru...

Social Networking Sites Bring More Benefits Than Harms.

Nowadays, social networking sites are very popular among people all around the world especially teenagers. In fact, social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter are names which are quite familiar to anyone of us. Furthermore, many of us make use of these social networking sites to stay in touch with our family and friends. This is because that these sites are cheap, fast and easy to access. However, the parents often feel worry for letting their teens use these social networking sites. In this case, a study I’ve founded stated that these sites have actually bring more benefits than harms to teens. Advocates of the social networking sites show that these sites have become an essential daily necessity for people who are†¦show more content†¦Some social networking sites are also acting as good places to find a job for those who are jobless. Most people knows that the best way to find a job is through social networking sites. Nowadays the big companiese have specialists on human resources that search for profiles in these kind of sites to recruit new collaborators. Therefore, those who are jobless can create a profile and describe their capabilities and publish some of their works on the profile created. This might enhance their chances to be discovered and recruited by a company although it is a matter of luck. In conclusion, I totally agree that social networking sites bring more benefits than harms if we use it correctly. It is impossible to have events involving child predators and other dangerous individuals using these sites if and only if the parents guide their c hildren to make use of these sites responsibly. Besides, if we want to build our reputation and have more friends we’ll need to participate more in social networking. An old sayings sing that going to the gym and doing a few reps will not make you a body builder. Therefore, people should have involve themselves more in social networking so that they can make fully use of these websites which benefits them aShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Affects Our Youth939 Words   |  4 Pages Social networking has become a norm in our society. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Myspace are but a few examples of the relatively new phenomenon of online social networking that play a significant role in our daily lives. The popularity of online social networking sites is constantly growing having people of all ages signing up for this sites y the million. Social networking has without a doubt contributed to many positive things in our lives, it allows us to share and communicate withRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Provide More Benefits than Problems Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesVarious social networking services have achieved enormous success at the first decade of the 21st century. Up to 2010, more than 500 million users globally have been regularly using Facebook (Kirkpatrick, 2010, 2). A social networking site is defined as an online platform where socially related users can communicate and share information with each other, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Renren. Howevertheir success did not come without a price. It has long been a question that whether theseRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon.org) the aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to develop new friendships as well. 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While people think of the Internet as a good source of getting knowledge, there are many disadvantagesRead MoreThe Threat From Abuse Of New Technologies1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Internet today offers more extensive and more profound online interpersonal organizations, new and potentially for overall user and changing innovations from application to foundation level. Which elevate the virtualization, alongside more devious troubles to security. These difficulties are moved to a specific degree by cybercriminal endeavors to get benefit. While it is hard to cover each conceivable danger outcome that may happen in America and beyond, with law enforcement intelligence itRead MoreSocial Network Sites Are A Past Craze Or Today?1280 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussions about whether social network sites are a past craze or here to stay. In this essay, the concept of a social network site is narrower than that of social media, a social network can be defined as â€Å" A dedicated website or other application which enables users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images† (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/social-network?q=social+network, no date). This means that the type of social network is independentRead MoreSocial Networking Sites On Today s Society1245 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIAL NETWORKING SITE FACEBOOK ON TODAY S SOCIETY Introduction With the increased connection and speed of internet connection, users of social media have increased exponentially in the recent past. Social networking sites are virtual groups which permit individuals to join and interface with one another on a specific subject or to simply hang out together online (Murray Waller, 2007). A set of persons where there is individual -to -individual connectivity make up social networks. FacebookRead MoreTHE IMPLICATIONS OF INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKS Essay835 Words   |  4 Pagespaper indicates that social networks sites are here to stay. Social network sites need to convey a sense of responsibility. Based on the increasing level of social sites engaging in ecommerce, communication and socialization, the need of privacy protection is passed on to individuals. What this research paper has demonstrated is that there are implications users need to be aware of before signing up and placing their profile on these social network sites. Social Network sites for human communication

Examining the major Banking Organizations of Sweden - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3428 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Banks are of central importance for economic growth, credit allocation, financial stability, and the competitiveness and development manufacturing and service firms. The structural features of Sweden banking systems have changed significantly over the past 20 years. The increased availability of credit has been the corollary of the dismantling of barriers of trade in Sweden financial services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining the major Banking Organizations of Sweden" essay for you Create order Sweden banking and finance sector has undergone considerable change in recent years. This has created greater competition, not only among older banks but by the establishment of new Swedish and foreign financial institutes and the main features are Banking and finance has been liberalized and deregulated in Sweden, Banks have long experience in international business and International banks now highly active in Sweden. Before entering into the details of the above given reasons, we will be looking at the main structure of the Sweden banking system. In Sweden there are three different types of banks: commercial banks, i.e., limited liability banking companies, savings banks and a few cooperative banks. All these types of banks are entitled to engage in all types of banking activity. The number of banks has declined sharply as a result of mergers, a tendency that has been most marked among the savings banks. From some 450 savings banks of the 1950s, the number had decreased to 85 by th e late 1990s. Since the middle of the 1980s, however, numerous new banks have been established in Sweden. The market structure can be described as two-tiered with five large banks (Handelsbanken, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, Nordbanken and Fouml;renings Sparbanken as well as the Swedish subsidiary of a major Danish bank) having a combined market share of about 75-85 percent; the residual market is shared among around 100 smaller banks. The home market for Swedish banks has to a greater extent been seen to embrace not only the traditional Nordic area but the whole region surrounding the Baltic Sea. The four major Swedish banks are very broadly held. The largest owners are the Swedish government (less than 20 percent in Nordea), the Wallenberg-led investment company Investor (some 10 percent in SEB), the employees pension fund (some 10 percent in Svenska Handelsbanken), and the former savings banks foundations (some 20 percent in Swedbank, which was earlier a savings bank, which merged with a cooperative bank and became a commercial bank). Approximately one third of bank shares are held by non-Swedes. The medium and small-sized banks are generally held by one dominating owner, which in turn may have a widely spread ownership, such as Skandia. All savings banks are non-profit organizations and they are held by foundations. The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority is a government authority responsible to the MoF. It exercises supervision over banks, credit market companies, and additionally e.g., insurance companies, insurance brokers and securities companies. The Central Bank Act assigns to the Riksbank the responsibility to ensure a stable and efficient payment system. It also assigns to the Riksbank the responsibility for monetary and exchange rate policy (including the management of the gold and currency reserves), as well as managing the issue of notes and coins, providing a clearing function for banks as well as accepting deposits from banks and granting them loans. The Central Bank also functions as lender of last resort providing financial aid to banks experiencing liquidity problems. Early 1990s, Sweden was in the middle of the most serious economic crisis. Unemployment increased fourfold in the course of a few years and the central government finances deteriorated dramatically. This crisis has been attributed to deregulatory measures taken in 1985 which contributed to overly repaid credit expansion which led to a banking crisis followed by a currency crisis in 1990. The result of deregulation was obvious. In the course of just five years, the credit to GDP ratio for private sector moved up from 85 to 135 per cent (Governor Backstrom, 1997) Deregulations, on the one hand. Credit market deregulation in 1985, necessary in itself, meant that the monetary conditions became more expansionary. This coincided, moreover, with rising activity, relatively high inflation expectations, a tax system that favoured borrowing, and remaining exchange controls that restrained investment in foreign assets. In the absence of a more restrictive economic policy to parry all this, the freer credit market led to a rapidly growing stock of debt (Fig.). In the course of only five years the GDP ratio for private sector debt moved up from 85 to 135 per cent. The credit boom coincided with rising share and real estate prices. During the second half of the 1980s, real aggregate asset prices increased by a total of over 125 per cent. A speculative bubble had been generated. Step by step the Swedish economy became increasingly vulnerable to shocks. During 1990 matters came to a head. Competitiveness had been eroded by the relatively high inflation in the late 1980s, resulting in an overvalued currency. This caused exports to weaken and meant that the fixed exchange rate policy began to be questioned, leading to periods with relatively high nominal interest rates. Moreover, the tax system was reformed in order to reduce its harmful economic effects but this also contributed to higher post-tax interest rates. Asset prices began to fall and economic activity turned downwards . Between the summers of 1990 and 1993 GDP dropped by a total of 6 per cent. Aggregate unemployment shot up from 3 to 12 per cent of the labour force and the public sector deficit worsened to as much as 12 per cent of GDP. A tidal wave of bankruptcies was a heavy blow to the banking sector, which in this period had to make provisions for loan losses totalling the equivalent of 12 per cent of annual GDP. After this crisis when Basel II came into existence than Swedens golden period starts as common international regulation and framework for the banking industry are of great importance for the reliability and development of financial systems and countries economies. One such framework is Basel ll which was presented in 2004. It is based on Basel I which consisted of a credit risk measurement guideline and minimum capital requirement. Basel II consists of three pillars in which minimum capital requirement, the supervision process, and market discipline are regulated (Finansinspektionen 2002). The intention of Basel II is to lower banks capital requirement by offering banks the ability to choose a method that reflect their when calculating risk (BCBS, 2004). BCBS , the Basel committee on banking supervision ,presented a study called the fifth quantitative impact study (QIS 5) in 2006 that was based on data from the fall of 2005 (Finansinspektionen 2006 ). The purpose of the study was to examine how Basel II can be expected to affect bank with regard to their capital requirments. The study showed that the minimum capital requirement could be reduced with Basel II in comparison to Basel l. BCBS had not presented any other study after QIS 5 indicating how Basel II had affected the banking industry. This study aims to fill part of that gap by examining how capital ratio, the net credit loss level, and the degree, and the degree of disclosure have progressed for the four largest banks in Sweden during the implementation of Basel II as this has not previously been looked at. Hypothesis regarding the impact Basel ll has had on these variables will be presented based on these observation. To be able to make better hypothesis regarding the impact of Basel ll, the impact of the economic climate on these variable was investigated by creating a market indicator which consisted of the banks average net profit. The Swedish financial market and other factors Efficient and reliable systems for saving, financing, mediating payments, and controlling risk are vital for the well-being of the Swedish economy. These systems are handled by banks and other credit institutions, insurance companies, securities companies and other types of enterprise in the financial sector. The financial industry account for just over four per cent of the countrys total output, defined as its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). More than 90,000 people, about two per cent of the countrys total working population, work in the Swedish financial industry. The financial sector has expanded rapidly during the past decade. Established companies have broadened the scope of their business, and many new companies have entered the market. One important change is that banks and insurance companies have moved into each others areas, and as a consequence, all of Swedens major banks are now involved in the life insurance business and some insurance companies own their own banks. Anothe r change is that customers are banking more and more via the internet or the phone. These new channels of distribution have enabled the development of new services and intensified competition on the banking market through the establishment of new banks. Moreover, Swedes are investing increasingly in funds and insurance policies as they turn away from traditional bank saving. More than 85 per cent of the population have some of their savings in funds or equities, which by international standards is a very high proportion. Deposits and lending The core activity of a bank is to accept deposits and provide credit. At the end of 2002, bank deposits from the public (i.e. mainly households and non-financial enterprises) amounted to 1,242 billion kronor. The bulk of these deposits approximately 42 per cent come from Swedish households. Swedish companies account for around 32 per cent of total deposits and foreign depositors for some 22 per cent. Bank lending has increased in recent years, to reach 1,360 billion kronor by the end of 2002. 47 per cent of this lending to the public goes to the Swedish business sector, while households and foreign borrowers account for 21 per cent and 27 per cent respectively. Interest rates The interest rates banks set for their deposits and credit are largely dependent on the rates prevailing on the money market. Other factors that influence interest rates include the creditworthiness of the borrower, competition among credit institutions, and competition for different types of saving. The average rate of interest paid and charged by the banks has been declining steadily since the beginning of the 1990s. The interest spread the gap between the average interest rate received on credits and that paid on deposits has also tended to narrow during the same period. Safe and efficient payment mechanism Another important function of a bank is to provide a means of payment. The Swedish payment system, which includes the bank giro service and the postal giro, is technically rather advanced, and has a reputation for efficiency. This means that payments are transacted quickly, securely and at low cost. Mortgage market In Sweden, mortgage loans are usually provided by specialist credit market companies known as mortgage credit institutions. The total volume of outstanding loans of these institutions amounted to SEK 1,200 billion at the end of 2002. For many years now, lending by mortgage credit institutions has exceeded the volume of bank lending in Sweden. The mortgage credit institutions provide credit primarily for residential property, but also for commercial and office buildings and municipalities. Mortgage loans are secured by collateral, normally in the form of a mortgage on the property. The lending consists of a first mortgage, which involves pledging the property for up to 70-80 percent of its value. Additional credit is then often provided in the form of a second mortgage by the bank that owns the mortgage institution or by another bank with which the institution co-operates. Mortgage institutions offer a wide range of credit facilities at variable or fixed interest rates. Internet banking Swedish banks are among the most advanced in internet banking services. All major banks in Sweden offer online status on accounts and other assets, online payments, and the possibility to buy and sell units in funds and shares. Corporate customers have been able to bank via the internet for many years. At the end of 2009, there were a total of around 50, 00000 internet banking users and approximately 15million internet payments. Internet surveys show that customers are very pleased with the Banks online service. This was confirmed by IBM and Interbred, which ranked FSB as number one in Europe and number two in the World (Swedbank AnnualReport, 2009). Monetary policy update The Swedish economy is performing well, and GDP grew by almost 7 per cent in the third quarter of this year, compared with the same quarter last year. The strength of the Swedish economy is also reflected in the labour market statistics. The labour market has been recovering throughout 2010 and indicators point to a continuing rapid improvement. The world economy is expected to grow by a good 4 per cent a year in the coming years. Economic activity remains good in the emerging economies in Asia and Latin America. In both the United States and the Eurozone, economic prospects look slightly better in the short run than was forecast in the October Monetary Policy Report. At the same time, the global imbalances remain and concern over public finance in several countries has increased. Despite the relatively divided international outlook, the indicators for the Swedish economy point to continued strong growth in the coming period. GDP growth is expected to amount to 5.5 per cent in 2010 a nd to over 4 per cent in 2011, and then to decline. The recovery has been relatively rapid and Sweden is also expected to experience higher growth than many other countries in 2011. Resource utilisation is currently lower than normal, but is expected to be normal or slightly above normal towards the end of the forecast period. Underlying Inflation measured as the CPIF was 1.9 per cent in November. It is expected to fall at the end of 2011 and then rise again towards 2 per cent. Higher mortgage rates will lead to the CPI rising slightly faster than the CPIF and it is expected to exceed 2.5 per cent in 2013. In the longer run, when the repo rate stabilises, the two measures of Inflation will coincide. To stabilise Inflation close to the target of 2 per cent and avoid resource utilisation becoming too high, there is a need to gradually raise the repo rate towards more normal levels. The repo rate is therefore being raised to 1.25 per cent. The forecast for the repo rate remains largely unchanged in relation to the forecast in the October Monetary Policy Report. Environmental factors in Sweden banking Sweden is a democratic monarchy. It is the largest Scandinavia country with over 9 million inhabitants. Sweden has been known for its neutrality and policy of non-alignment with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. It is a member of most international organizations (UN, UNESCO, WHO etc).Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1995 but decided not to join EMU. A referendum in 2003 rejected the euro by a decisive margin against the advice of the government and the wishes of business. The Prime Minister stated it was unlikely there would be a new referendum before 2010. Key economic indicators for 2008 estimates (Source: Central Intelligence Agency Country Profiles) 69.6% of the economy is in the services sector, 28.9% industrial and 1.5% agriculture. Population: 9,045,389 GDP: USD 358.4 billion Per capita GDP: USD 39,600 Real GDP growth: 0.9% Unemployment: 6.2% Public debt/GDP: 36.5% Cash Management Features Activity is highly automated with major activity inside the Bankgirot and Plusgirot systems. Rather than hold accounts in both and maintain liquidity in both, it is possible to hold accounts just at the Nordea group, into which the Plusgirot has been subsumed. The EUR has emerged as a parallel domestic currency for business, notwithstanding Swedens rejection in 2003 of EUR membership. The old E-RIX system that was connected to TARGET and used to settle domestic EUR trade has been abolished. EBA is now used to settle EUR transactions.Group account (Balance netting) is the preferred Liquidity Management technique domestically, and can be used for both single and multi-currency. Zero balancing is also available domestically and is getting more common than earlier due to multinational corporate customer Payment infrastructure in Sweden Most Swedish companies have a business account in a Swedish bank. The majority of domestic non-cash payments are affected through the two giro systems, PlusGirot and Bankgirot. PlusGirot-: The PlusGiro system is a part of Nordea. Thus, Nordea is the only bank in Sweden that can provide a connection to both PlusGirot and Bankgirot in SEK or EUR, meaning an all-in-one account for all the payments regardless if they are routed through the PlusGiro or the Bankgiro system. Bankgiro-: The Bankgiro system is operated by Bankgirocentralen AB (BGC), a bank-owned subcontractor of payment processing services. All banks in Sweden participate in the Bankgiro system. It functions as an automated clearing house (ACH). Payments can be made in SEK or EUR. Payment Instruments The vast majority of activity clears electronically: there is a high degree of automation. This is supported by very high usage of internet for payment initiation. There is still a form of paper-based credit transfer but the clear growth is in electronic initiation.This extends to electronic bill presentment, where the debtor can initiate a credit transfer in their electronic banking by clicking through form the bill itself.In terms of volume, credit transfers and debit cards are the most used, whilst in terms of value it is credit transfers.Sweden has a high density of ATMs and EFTPOS, and this is the part of the payments market that is growing most dynamically. Cheques Electronic payment ( The RTGS system in Sweden is operated by the Riksbank) Cards Internet banking These all are the factors in the Sweden banking environment which make the Sweden banking system much stronger than any other banking system. Sweden is capable of providing all the facilities to its consumers and its partners domestically and internationally and Sweden is having the biggest usage of internet banking amongst all other countries and more advance at this moment. Future Activities in 2011 The Riksbanks financial stability works in 2011 was largely characterised by the financial crisis and its aftermath. After having stabilised in the winter of 2010/11, unease again increased in the financial market in springs 2010 as consequence of the state of the public finances of several countries in the southern Europe. The unease became acute in May in connection with the downgrading of the Greek governments credit rating. The aftermath of the financial crisis is the extensive work continued of reforming national and international regulatory codes and improving supervision of the financial crisis. An important part of this work in Sweden is to clarify the Riksbanks responsibility for financial stability. New international regulatory frame work A large part of the Riksbanks stability work was focused during the year , as in 2010, on studying and influencing the framing of the future financial regulatory framework of future financial regulatory framework and supervision .since Swedish banks and financial institution are governed by law framed at EU level, which in turn to a great extent are based on guideline drawn up by other international bodies, the Riksbank participated in continued discussions both at EU level and within the bank of international settlement (BIS). During the year a new regulatory framework for financial institution called Basel III was established. Increased cross-border work The financial crisis has shown that there are great differences in the legislation at national level. Because of these differences, during the crisis it was difficult to handle problem in banks that operates in several different countries. Consequently several international projects are in progress that, address how banks with cross border operations are to be dealt with (For Example, First Deputy Governor of the Riksbank Svanteacute; Oberg). In 2010 the Riksbank also took part in the preparatory work ahead of the start-up of the new European system risk board (ESRB) in 2011. A coherent regulatory framework and cleaner division of roles between authorities in Sweden In view of the lessons learned from the financial crisis and the extensive regulatory work that is in progress in the international arena, the Riksbank believes that it is important to carry out a thorough overhaul of the financial regulatory framework in Sweden as well. The general Council of the riksbank and the executive board of the riksbank and the executive board of the Riksbank accordingly proposed in a joint submission to the Riksdag that one or several inquiries should be set up to review the regulatory framework in the financial sector. The Swedish banks resilience continued to improve in the second half of the year as a result of the economic recovery the situation of the Swedish bank continued to improve. The economic recovery had become stronger than previously expected. Consequently, the Swedish banks loans loss continue to fall and according to Riksbank forecast in the financial stability report in December they were lower than the Riksbank had expected in June.

Nursing Scope Of Practice And Medical Errors Example

Essays on Nursing Scope Of Practice And Medical Errors Article Nursing Scope of Practice and Medical Errors Establishing a clear scope of practice for nurses is very effective in avoiding medical errors. With this said, what are the activities a qualified nurse on duty may perform today? Well, some states now allow nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives to check on patients and prescribe medications without a physician’s approval (The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine, n.d.).However, current laws in many states authorizes that nurses provide direct and indirect patient care such as insuring their safety, comfort, personal hygiene, protection of patients, performance of disease prevention and restorative measures. To be more specific, among the independent duties of registered nurses are to observe symptoms of illnesses, reaction to treatment general behavior which becomes the basis of an initiation of emergency or medical procedures. Aside from which, a nurse’s dependent functions wou ld include the performance of skin tests, immunization, extraction of human blood administration of medication. Lastly, among their interdependent function would be to implement appropriate standardized procedures or changes in treatment regimen of a patient after observing signs and symptoms of illnesses or a crucial reaction to treatment (Bailey, L., 2011).Indeed, having a clear scope of practice for nurses will reduce medical errors especially because they can focus on cultivating their knowledge on specific medical functions instead of performing based on general medical knowledge. Aside from that, it is helpful to have clear drug labels, being familiar with medication storage, knowledge in proper drug use and monitoring to avoid cases of medical malpractice and errors (American Nurse Today, n.d.).Bibliography:The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine. (n.d.). The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine. Retrieved M ay 20, 2014, from http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Report-Brief-Scope-of-Practice.aspx?page=2\Bailey, L. (2011). An Explanation of the Scope of RN Practice Including Standardized Procedures. California, USA: Department of Consumer Affairs.American Nurse Today. (n.d.). American Nurse Today. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from http://www.americannursetoday.com/article.aspx?id=6356fid=6276

Dashman Company free essay sample

?Dashman Company and Mr. Post. Be the Change – Barrack Obama It is wonderfully satisfying to notice that how one of the punch lines of one of the most successful presidential campaigns of recent history, can so appropriately and so succinctly describe one of the events that happened as early as in the first part of the bygone century. Mr Manson, the president of the Dashman company which was going through a temporary problem of procuring the vital raw materials for its production stage, hired an experienced professional in Mr Post, empowered him to be the change leader, in a hope that hed be able to drive the change and take the firm ahead. And Mr Post, through his actions which might have made a perfect sense in his previous company and which probably would have achieved the desired results in his old professional setup, eventually ended up in setting up a bad precedent in the Dashman company as some of Mr Posts purchasing executives, for want of time, were forced to falsely concede to the proposal made by Mr Post. Had I been in shoes of Mr Post, my first steps would have been aimed at justifying my immediate purpose of existence in the Dashman Company i. . to ensure that the problem related to the purchase of essential raw materials gets over as quickly as possible. This would also have been a fantastic opportunity to return and re-affirm the faith that Mr Manson had shown in my abilities of being an experienced purchasing executive. Following would have been the steps taken by me : Meeting the purchasing executives and knowing the nature, frequency and magnitude of the business transactions with the vendors and suppliers that they frequently do business with. I would have tried to inform the purchasing executives and other stakeholders in the division that the problem regarding the procurement of raw materials is a temporary one and being in this business for so long, I can assure you that such problems do not last very long. I would have prepared a detailed plan on how to deal with this immediate problem and would have run it through by Mr Mason and my purchasing executives. I would have also made two or three most experienced and most respected purchasing executives, the contact points for ensuring that the plans are stuck to and followed upon. I would also have communicated with them from time to time to see the progress and remove any immediate resistance that they were facing in the execution of the plan. I would have met the major vendors and the suppliers to see if they have any issues with the outstanding payments and how does the payback-period of Dashman company compare with that of its immediate local competitors. I would ask my payroll department to clear the outstanding and future payments on priority. I would also inform the vendors about higher volume of purchases if the bulk deals can get centralized. I would have asked Mr Larson for the copies of any previous communications of the same nature and the copies of their responses from the purchasing executives. The first step would ensure that I and my purchasing executives are on the same page as far as the potential issues with the vendor management are concerned. The second step is aimed at taking care of the feeling of insecurity that a change can bring to the organisation. The third step is aimed at seeing the successful execution and the compliance of this change. The fourth step would ensure that the vendors also have a stake in the successful execution and implementation of this plan. The fifth step would help me ascertain the nature and history of communications between the head office and the purchasing executives. This will also give me an idea about what style of communication works or does not work in the Dashman company. Based on the above findings, I would have then prepared a letter to be sent to the executives, which would roughly be on the following line : Dear _________, Hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirit. This is a follow-up letter to the discussion that we last had regarding our plans to deal with the ongoing purchase and procurement issue related to the essential raw-material. As discussed earlier, we are putting into practice, the first stage of the plan that the board of directors of the Dashman company approved, in order to deal with the existing problem pertaining to the procurement of raw materials. In order to manage the purchases and procurements better, all of us would need to notify the head office if we are signing any purchase contracts in excess of $10,000. I understand that the peak buying season is just around the corner and I also understand that this can prove to be an impediment for closing out the bulk deals. Because of the same reason, I talked to the major vendors and suppliers during my last visit and have addressed all the concerns that they anticipated if this change were to put into practice. All of them appreciate the nature and benefits that this change can bring to the vendor community and the Dashman company. They have also assured us of their continued and whole-hearted support. I would like to re-iterate that the ongoing problem, based on my experience, is of a temporary nature and an organised purchasing can help us in expediting and accelerating its resolution. If you have any questions you can write in to me or for a faster response you can talk to Mr X or Mr Y, who are the local contact points to oversee and monitor the compliance and benefits associated with this change in process. I am sincerely looking forward for your support and compliance in this regard. Yours very truly, Based on the responses of the above letter, I would have decided on my future course of action. Based on my experience, the leadership of change is about the leader forecasting the effects that the change can have on the stakeholders and then exhibiting the common minimum behavioural characteristics of that change, while maintaining enough room to base your subsequent strategies on the feedbacks received. The leadership of change is about what the aforementioned punch line accentuates so eloquently with its brevity. â€Å"Be the change†.

Health Assessment and Complex Care

Question: Discuss about the Health Assessment and Complex Care. Answer: Introduction: As a healthcare provider, I have no choice over the kind of patients whom I serve. Each and every day, I encounter different kinds of patients with all sorts of illnesses. Whereas others have simple cases, others come to me with quite complex cases that require lots of keenness and professionalism (DiCenso, Cullum Ciliska 2011). One complex case I would like to discuss in this paper is that of Joseph Middleton. Middleton is a 59-year old man who lives with his wife Jane and two sons aged 29 and 16. He patient came to the hospital because he had been diagnosed with Sleep opnoea, Obesity Ventilation Syndrome, ventilation obesity, and type 2 Diabetes. Although Middleton is the breadwinner, he lost his job 9 months ago because of his employer was not pleased with his obese condition. Currently, the patient is depressed because he has failed to get other employment opportunities. He has also developed antisocial behaviors because he is ashamed of his weight. From these observations, it was ascertained that the Middleton was indeed a multimorbid patient who was suffering from different chronic illnesses. Therefore, to attend to him, a care plan was developed. However, for effective and satisfactory service delivery, it was necessary to assess the patient ascertain the degree of his needs and attend to them in order of preference. Meaning, the care provision was prioritized beginning from the most pressing to the least pressing need. Prioritization is recommended is a recommended strategy in healthcare because it can benefit the patient in many ways (Beverly 2014). First, it can assist in a proper and fair utilization of the resources. Healthcare sector has limited resources that should be sparingly utilized. Secondly, prioritization had to be applied because it enabled the healthcare providers to provide holistic and satisfactory care to the patient. The first decision made was to treat the patients obese condition. Obesity was a major issue of concern that needed to be addressed because it had troubled the patient for a very long time. As already highlighted, the patient has been experiencing significant weight gain for the past 1 year. Currently, he has a MBI of 58 m2, thanks to his Obesity Ventilation Syndrome, ventilation obesity conditions. Therefore, to address this case, the patient was given a therapy on obesity management skills entailing physical activity and diet management (Bray Popkin 2014). The second area addressed was diabetes type 2 that has been making the patient to be uncomfortable. Finally, the patient was given a treatment for High Blood Pressure. The rationale for prioritizing obesity, diabetes type 2, High Blood Pressure and depression is because they are the pressing needs that need to be addressed. Obesity, for instance, has precipitated the patients depressive conditions (Barlow 2012). The patient was laid-off because of his weight. Besides, many employers have refused to recruit him because his obese condition is undesirable for the kind of job he does (Bogner, et al. 2016). The treatment of these conditions enabled the patient to improve his conditions and lead a healthy stress-free life. References Barlow, D., 2012, The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Beverly, E. A., 2014, Stressing the Importance of Diabetes Distress: a Comment on Baek et al. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48(2), 137-139. Bogner, H.R., et al., 2016, Does a Depression Management Program Decrease Mortality in Older Adults with Specific Medical Conditions in Primary Care? An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), pp.126-131. Bray, G. A., Popkin, B. M., 2014, Dietary sugar and body weight: Have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes? Diabetes care, 37(4), 950-956. DiCenso, A.; Cullum, N. Ciliska, D., 2011, Implementing evidence-based nursing: some misconceptions. Evidence Based Nursing 1 (2): 3840. doi:10.1136/ebn.1.2.38.

Consumer Perception on Security in E-Commerce Portals Essay Example

Consumer Perception on Security in E-Commerce Portals Essay With the introduction of internet and e-commerce many companies have been performing their business transactions through e portals such as C2B (Consumer to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer) etc. Increasing technology changes has bought tremendous changes in online business transactions and /or processes (buying and selling) and currently this process has become common. Currently E-commerce portals are playing a vital role in online business and here most consumers have varying opinions or views on online transactions especially security, privacy and trust. Security and privacy are the two major aspects that drive online businesses which leads online consumers to develop trust on the e-portals. This ultimately increases the business processes. Keeping in view this as a major aspect this research investigates and discusses the varying consumer perceptions on privacy, security and trust in electronic commerce portals. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This research aims at discussing varying consumer perceptions on privacy, security and trust on electronic commerce portals. The intended aim is achieved through following objectives * Analyze consumer perceptions on varying characteristics of e-commerce portals * Examine the various factors that influence consumer trust and privacy on e-commerce portals * Identify the antecedents and consequences of online consumers privacy concerns * Examine how various security factors affect consumer perceptions towards e-commerce portal BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The competition is on the increase in this highly advanced segment of marketing, both in number and intensity. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Perception on Security in E-Commerce Portals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Perception on Security in E-Commerce Portals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Perception on Security in E-Commerce Portals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer More number of websites or portals are offering their services/products with lot of value additions and better quality. Selling of the services or goods, groceries, clothes, music, travel, tickets, hardware, gifts, flowers, books are a part of the e-merchandise. Insurance, smart cards, debit cards, financial services, credit cards, internet banking, banking machines etc. , are a part of the e-finance products. If any website seriously intends for retention of it existing customers (in addition to attractive more number of new customers), hey need to incorporate in their marketing strategies the relationship paradigm (Hsu, Li-Chang amp; Wang, 2008; Walczack et. al, 2006). Internet Effects on Trade and Commerce Utilization of the internet has become one of the important marketing channels and medium. In this scenario, it is the responsibility of the Managers to efficiently manage the scarce marketing resources under the purview of the internet channels in order to improve the sustainab le customer relationships. Every business entity needs to focus on the customer’s perception of improving the security, in order to maintain long term relationship. This is an important aspect in view of the fact that the customers depend on the internet for gathering the information as well as for purchases online and become very loyal to the company or a particular brand of the product they are interested in (Bart et. al. , 2005). Web Site Designing Crucial Concerns Designing of a website is one of the critical parts of internet marketing strategies as well in addressing the security concerns of the customers/consumers. The characteristics that are generally emphasized in the website categories are navigation, privacy and security (or the trust). (Bart et. al. , 2005). A website needs to be viewed as a virtual store from the consumer’s standpoint and needs to gain customer’s trust in order to create a meaningful shopping experience. A consumer’s online interaction through the website can be co-related to the experience at a store in person. Naturally, consumers develop perceptions of trust basing on their website interaction and experience. However, the trust of a consumer developed on the website depends on the extent of confidence on the security and safety of the portal. Only basing on these factors the consumer’s perceptions are formed either positive or otherwise. The level of satisfaction derived by a customer by a portal depends to a great extent on the authenticity and believability of the information offered by a portal (Bart et. al. , 2005). Privacy Vs Freedom of Information Every individual has a right to retain the information of their own tax, medical and other government related documents and this highly sensitive and ersonalized information is not revealed by the hospitals/doctors, financial institutions, business parties or the government agencies to irrelevant third parties. The Capitalistic societies are trading with the personal data as a saleable commodity (Jan, 2005), resulting in the privacy and free market policies being at odds with each other. Advanced data management technologies have re sulted in sophisticated â€Å"Consumer database and management systems† which in turn has become a fast growing and highly profitable business activity by itself. Data stored digitally has an indefinite span of life; because of which, consumers are apprehensive about their personal information being shared with unintended third parties (Warren amp; Brandies, 1890). In the present day context, the â€Å"rights to privacy† is directly conflicting with the â€Å"freedom or the right to information† being implemented by various democratic societies (Udo, 2001). Protection of the individual personal identifiable information is covered under the privacy. This is one of the major key drivers of online trust. A person buying a system may not reveal so much of personal information as the one who is travelling or even commuting. Traveler has to identify self, place of residence, place of travel, date of travel and such other details which are of prime importance and need meant to be disclosed to everyone – specially those who are not relevant to the issue. Security relates to the information revealed online such as credit card, debit card or the other financial related information, used for purchase of goods and services (Hoffman, Novak amp; Tom, 1996; Peratla, 1999). The need for online trust is very high for website categories which require presentation and navigation of information. The consumers may rely more on the brand strength of the product/ portal, while searching the websites. Advice is also one of the stronger determinants of online trust of website categories, for information on high search efforts. High involvement items are generally associated with the issue of order fulfillment conditions. Community features are very useful in trusting the information in cases where the expected sharing of the information in unknown circles is very high. Consumers generally expect the website to be â€Å"error free† (such as incorrect processing of information or the site containing wrong information) since they do not accept information error on the websites as the information becomes the critical input for their decisions making (Hoffman, Novak amp; Tom, 1996; Peratla, 1999). Regulation – Sanctity of Online Privacy Statements Of late it has become customary on the part of every website to have a privacy statement displayed prominently. This has become compulsory in view of increasing consumer perception of their security and safety being at risk while transacting on the e-commerce portals. In order to nullify the negative feelings of the consumers, privacy statements have been resorted to by the owners of various e-commerce web portals (Jan, 2005). Seldom, the privacy statements on the websites really try to protect the consumers from misutilization of their data and privacy. Mostly, they exhibit the same as per the regulatory requirements. There is lot of ambiguity in these privacy statement declarations, which are not clear in their terms and conditions and most of the time they are vague, unclear and highly confusing. The consumers are really taken for a jolly good ride by these statements, which are prepared in the interest of the owners; not the consumers (Jan, 2005). The Efficacy of Privacy Statements Unfortunately, despite various regulatory authorities being in place, the companies are not legally obliged to protect the consumers in true sense. It is up-to the consumers themselves to protect their privacy by taking care and precaution while dealing with such e-commerce portals. The consumer is expected to read the privacy statement in detail and take a decision accordingly, whether or not to divulge the personal information through such web portals. Obviously, consumers who are high users of internet services, while the occasional browsers of the internet will be taking high risk in dealing with the e-commerce portals. The high users of internet services have more awareness of privacy issues and hence will be very discrete in sharing their personal information with the web portals. (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez, 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy; 2000). While participating in various online activities, consumers have always expressed their serious concern as regards their privacy aspects. Various legislations have been made to improve the privacy levels of the consumers. Unfortunately, such legislations have been misused by the portals to their advance, for example Amazon. com had recently publicized their privacy police statement without any notice to the consumers. As per this policy, Amazon. com could use (trade with) the personal data of the consumers with out their consent. Every organization with internet presence, cannot deny the fact that the privacy is the key factor the success of online transactions (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez, 2000). Internet Seals of Approval This is an effort by a group of companies having their online presence, to promote a third party seal of approval system in order to counter the efforts of legislation of privacy policies by various government authorities. Despite this seal of approval system being in force for couple of decades now, discussions are still inconclusive as regards – i) improving the online e-commerce portals’ privacy related practices that are acceptable to the consumers as per their expectations. ii) The extent of influence on consumer’s perceptions by such privacy policies and their implementation (Krishnamurthy amp; Sandeep, 2002). The so called seal of approval has very little or negligible impact on the consumer perceptions on the believability; since the same has been carried out by an agency of the e-commerce portal management / owners and not by a government or legalized authority. It has been believed that it is not in the best interests of the consumers and it is only intended to help the e-commerce portals to improve their business revenues by way of trying to influence the consumers by giving a feeling of total privacy assurance. Even after having failed to convince the consumers on a high note, the system of seal of approval is still continuing to be used in the market place of e-commerce portals (Krishnamurthy amp; Sandeep, 2002) Thus, this study tries to discuss and analyze the differentiating perceptions of consumers towards internet privacy, security that leads to trust on e portals. In this regard this research also looks for consumer perceptions towards e portals, key drivers of internet security, and characteristics of consumer perceptions and measures that can be used or implemented to reduce consumer perceptions on security. Further this research intends to put forward the antecedents and consequences of online consumer privacy and few recommendations to overcome the increasing security related issues to e portals which could help the consumers to effectively use e-portals, and the portals to give efficient and effective services to their online consumers. Therefore the following sections give a clear picture of these aspects in the research. LITERATURE REVIEW E-commerce portals (B2B / B2C) Today business is done with many communication technologies such as mail order phone, mail order fax, walk-in retail and so on. Web and internet are said to be another medium of communication (Vark, 1997). With the increasing demands of online customers the need of scalable, fast, accurate and secured information exchange is very important. This creates trust in online consumers. E-commerce is generally defined as a means for transactions of goods and services through internet (some of these could be B2B, B2C etc. ). E-commerce creates an indirect access of the business products and services to the customers who intend to buy just sitting at one place. This can be said as a more relaxed way of shopping (Akther, 2004). E-portals provide a wide range of products and services and if any customers intend to buy through moving for shopping they have to move to different locations to get the same, so e-portals can be said as â€Å"one sit shopping†. Security in e-commerce portals Security is defined as the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons, or unauthorized modification or destruction (Udo, 2001). Security is also defined as the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons, or unauthorized modifications or destruction. Privacy refers to the rights of individuals and organizations to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is to be transmitted to others (Udo, 2001). According to Hsu, Li-Chang amp; Wang (2008); Mc. Knight et. al. (2002) security is one of the major and important factors of this relationship marketing. For a successful business relationship, security is generally is considered as the crucial component in the relationship marketing paradigm. Security is a mutual detriment of behavior and an indication of confidence in the exchange partner’s integrity and its reliability. The importance of consumer perceptions on security in e- portals has been stressed by many researchers and practitioners keeping in view different perspectives such as social, economic, institutional, ethical, organizational, managerial, and technological approaches (Chang et al. 2005, Moon, Gefen and Straub 2004), while Jarvenpaa et al. (1999) and (2000) in their preceding studies have suggested importance of consumer perceptions on security with respect to internet sites (online websites) and comparatively some other studies were also investigated importance of B2B on consumer buying behaviors and their varying expectations (Akhter et. al. , n. d). According to Miyazaki amp; Fernandez (2000) online consumer s purchasing behavior is affected due to concerns related to security. Due to low consumer trust these concerns may raise high risk concerns or low buying behavior. It is viewed (Akhter et. al. , n. d) that based on the experience online consumer consciously or subconsciously analyze the security levels provided online and decide to continue transactions with that particular business (company) or move to another. Technical and non technical barriers in e-commerce have been discussed by Akhter (2004 amp; 2006), Tassabehji (2003) and Turban et al. , (2000) which are considered as barriers of online growth and development. Some of the barriers are said as lack of security and reliability, standard technologies for secure payment and proven online business models. Security is a major concern to vendors in B2C as this reflects the consumer perceptions towards that business. As there is uncertainty and due to many complications present in e-commerce online consumers think of whether their financial information such as credit card are safe to send to a vendor through internet (Akhter, 2006) and due to this most consumers fear to provide their credit card information on internet to do any transaction. According to an argument done by Akhter (2004), online consumer trust can be increased if e commerce or e portals can create a positive opinion on the system that it is trustworthy and secure. Key Drivers of Online Trust Trust is a fundamental principal of every business relationship. Trust is the critical factor in stimulating purchase over internet (Corbit et. al. , 2003). Most internet marketing sites lack trust of consumer either in merchant honesty or competency. Thus trust plays a vital role on online consumer activities there by leading to ecommerce success (Corbit et. al. , 2003). Trust is said to be characterized by uncertainty, reliability, dependency and venerability and these are reflected on online transactions. According to Corbit et. al. , (2003) in the relationship marketing paradigm, trust is generally viewed as an essential ingredient for a successful relationship. Trust as a willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence. Trust is the perception of ‘‘confidence in the exchange partner’s reliability and integrity. According to balance theory it states that consumers tend to develop a positive towards those with whom they have prior association. Greater the association, more the consumer experience, more is the positive attitude developed towards e-commerce sites. Successful e-commerce websites are those that build trust in consumers and reduce the risk perceptions through effective technologies and marketing activities (Corbit et. al. , 2003). Some of the key drivers of online trust are – security privacy – advice brand strength fulfillment of order conditions – features of the community – error free transaction or absence of errors of all these Security and Privacy being of highest importance (Warren amp; Brandies, 1980). The basic human dignity calls for â€Å"a right to be let alone† or a right to total privacy. In the present day the powerful media or the press has taken over to a new proportion. With the advancement of information technology as well the rise of the information society, privacy levels have been curtailed by the latest â€Å"right to information acts† being implemented by various governments (Warren amp; Brandies, 1980). According to a company website (ecommerce-digest. om) most ecommerce merchants leave the mechanics to their hosting company or IT staff, but it helps to understand the basic principles and discuss some of the basic principles of customer security as following and states that any system has to meet following four requirements: * Privacy: information must be kept from unauthorized parties * Integrity: message must not be altered or tampered with * Authentication: sender and recipient must prove their identities to each other * Non-repudiation: proof is n eeded that the message was indeed received (ecommerce-digest. com). Online Privacy Policies and Adoption of Internet Seals Fair Information Practice Principles, which were adopted prior to the internet widespread, need to be based for arriving at online privacy standards. These primary principles are as follows: Notice: Disclosing the information practices by the Data Collectors (e-commerce web portals) prior to the collecting of the personal information from the consumers. This totally keeps the consumer aware of the practices being adopted by the web portal and whatever decision is taken subsequently is at their own risk and security aspects (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy, 2000). Choice: Consumers needs to be kept aware of whether and how – the personal information provided by them online the portal, could be used, beyond the purposes for which the information is provided by them to the e-commerce web portal. Here, the consumers are not only alerted on the ways of utilizing the information, also their prior consent is obtained in order to proceed further for intended purposes (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy, 2000). Access: provision of letting the consumers being able to view the accuracy as well as the completeness of the data gathered from them by the e-commerce web portal. This enables them to contest the same, if they so desire to do so (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy, 2000). Security: This is the major concern of any consumer. As the consumers are slowly but steadily moving from physical shopping to the internet shopping environments. This aspect only stops them from using the e-commerce portals, for the fear of its inadequate security measures or the levels. As such, the role of Security in this kind of environment is highly desirable form the consumer’s perception (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy, 2000). The data collectors or the e-commerce web based portals, need to assure the consumers that the information collected on line from them is â€Å"totally accurate, secure and will not be used for un-authorized purposes by the people, who are not supposed to be dealing with such data of the consumers† (Miyazaki amp; Fernandez 2000; Sheehan amp; Hoy, 2000). PROBLEM DEFINITION E-commerce is an act involving an online transaction. It could be anything from ordering a product or service online, paid content being delivered online sometimes, and financial transactions such as payments to various services such as water, electricity, telephone, rail, road and air services, movement of money from one account to another. The opportunities that arise out of E-commerce are: E-learning, E-business, E-insurance, E-ticketing etc. The internet based E-Commerce, besides its own major advantages, has some is-advantages too coming with it. These days, most of the web sites on the Internet are not focusing on the security, privacy and trust concerns of the consumers; which is highly essential for an ongoing relationship with the consumers. Most of the websites, unfortunately, are acting as â€Å"online service catalogs providers or catalog display centers†. Their failure to convince the consumers on the security and safety of their privacy issues is leading to failu re of not being able to convert the â€Å"clicks† into â€Å"closure of deals†. This is simply because they are not effective on their website on the safety, privacy and trust related information as expected by the consumers of the present day. Therefore, here security, privacy and trust are the major concern of any consumer. As more consumers are slowly but steadily moving from regular shopping to the internet shopping environments these aspects become very vital for the consumers. Thus this research intends to investigate and discuss the varying consumer perceptions on security, privacy and trust in e-commerce portals. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES The purpose of this study is to investigate and discuss the perceptions of online consumers towards privacy, security and trust on e-portals. The different perceptions reported in this paper were identified by review of literature in relation to this issue (trust, security and privacy). A questionnaire consisting 21 questions were developed and mailed to 150 e-commerce (B2B and B2C) consumers (an email survey was conducted) in three major emirates of UAE (Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah) where in 108 individuals responded to the survey. The questions were developed from literature review, news, security and privacy issues. People who make online shopping have email Id’s as conformation of purchase is made through emails, hence we have approached this methodology. The sample email ids were borrowed from social networking sites. A pilot email was sent to them to assess their willingness to participate in this survey. Only those who were interested in the survey were sent the main questionnaire. SURVEY RESULTS The following tables (table 1 and 2) indicate the percentage responses according to demographics, consumer behavior other issues related to usage of e-portals Table 1: Percentage response according to gender, age and occupation Characteristics| % Response| Gender| Males| 72. 3| Females| 27. 7| Age| 18-25| 23. 2| 25-35| 48. 1| 35-45| 15. 4| 45-55| 12. 3| 55 and above| 2. 0| Occupation| Managers| 12. 2| Employees| 36. 3| Students| 17. 2| Others| 34. 3| According to the demographics out of 108 people surveyed 72. 3% were males and 27. 7% were males of which 23. 2% were under the age group of 18 – 25, 48. 1% were under the age group of 25 – 35, 15. 4% were under the age group of 35 – 45, 12. 3% were under the age group of 45 – 55 and the other 2. 0% were under the age group of 55 and above. Next considering the occupation of the respondents surveyed it is seen that 12. 2% were managers, 36. % were employees, 17. 2% were students and 34. 3% were others. This clearly indicates that the survey included more percentage of males when compared to females and people in the age group of 25-35 are of the highest and most on the respondents were employees and others. The following table indicates the percentage response i n accordance with consumer behavior and opinion towards browsing e-portals and online purchases, E-portal sites regularly visited, Frequency of online purchase, Concernedness and Willingness. Table 2: Consumer behavior towards browsing, purchase, frequency of usage, concernedness and willingness Behavior| % Response | Browse e-portals| Yes| 98. 5| No| 1. 5| Online purchases| Yes| 68. 7| No| 31. 3| E-portal sites regularly visited| Brownbag. ae| 21. 2| eRealDeal. com| 30. 1| Frobes. com| 3. 0| Ellamart. com| 24. 5| eTechnoworld. com| 18. 1| BooksArabia. com| 3. 1| Frequency of online purchase| Regularly| 42. 3| Occasionally| 46. 4| Never| 11. 3| Concernedness| Strongly concerned| 96. 3| Concerned| 3. 6| Neutral| 1| Not concerned| Nil| Willingness| Yes | 2. 3| No| 97. 7| According to the survey results it is seen that 98. 5% respondents browse e-portals and of which 68. 7% make transactions through e-portals. RealDeal. com portal is mostly used (30. 1%) in UAE by the respondents where as Ellamart. com stands in the 2nd position (24. 5%). Occasional purchasers are more (46. 4%) when compared to regular purchasers (42. 3%). Survey indicates that 96. 3% people are strongly concerned towards the abuse of your financial and other personal information when/they purchase things online. When questioned abou t willingness towards purchase of anything online in case their (consumer) concerns are addressed or eliminated, this survey indicated that 97. 7% people do not show willingness. The following table indicates the level of opinions of online consumers towards various issues related to security, privacy and trust. Table 3: Consumer perceptions towards issues related to security, privacy and trust Level of opinion| % Response| Online or internet security is becoming an increasingly important issue| Strongly agree| 47. 5| Agree| 31. 6| Neutral| 12. 7| Disagree| 5. 7| Strongly disagree| 0. 6| The privacy of Internet users is greatly violated| Strongly agree| 41. 8| Agree| 33. 5| Neutral| 11. 4| Disagree| 9. 5| Strongly disagree| 1. 9| Internet (e-portals) shopping sites cannot be trusted| Strongly agree| 40. 5| Agree| 28. 5| Neutral| 22. 2| Disagree| 4. 4| Strongly disagree| 2. 5| To reduce the risk of liability, e-portals should institute privacy protection policies| Strongly agree| 47. 4| Agree| 32. 9| Neutral| 13. 7| Disagree| 5. 5| Strongly disagree| 0. 5| To reduce the risk of compromise on financial information e-portal should institute security policies| Strongly agree| 41. 8| Agree| 33. 8| Neutral| 11. 9| Disagree| 9. 8| Strongly disagree| 1. 8| Despite all the safety precautions in place today, e-portals are not safeguarded enough| Strongly agree| 40. | Agree| 25. 5| Neutral| 25. 2| Disagree| 4. 4| Strongly disagree| 2. 5| E-commerce merchants can disclose personal information if they deem it necessary| Strongly agree| 7. 0| Agree| 15. 2| Neutral| 21. 5| Disagree| 20. 3| Strongly disagree| 33. 5| The current laws and regulations are sufficient for protecting information| Strongly agree| 3. 2| Agree| 13. 9| Neutral| 34. 8| Disagree| 35. 4| Strongly disagree| 1 0. 1| The current security features such as encryption and passwords are sufficient to provide security and safety on the Internet| Strongly agree| 4. 3| Agree| 20. 9| Neutral| 25. 8| Disagree| 38. 1| Strongly disagree| 6. 4| I am assured of the safety of my credit card information on the e-portals| Strongly agree| 3. 1| Agree| 11. 5| Neutral| 15. 1| Disagree| 29. 8| Strongly disagree| 38. 0| Stalking and impersonation (including forged identity) are common on the e-portals| Strongly agree| 32. 3| Agree| 42. 4| Neutral| 13. 9| Disagree| 7. 0| Strongly disagree| 2. 5| Security and privacy concerns are barriers for my shopping online| Strongly agree| 44. 1| Agree| 31. 2| Neutral| 20. 5| Disagree| 3. 2| Strongly disagree| 1. 0| As depicted over 89. % of participants (strongly agreed and agree) agreed that online or internet security is becoming an increasingly important issue. A large number 85. 3% of participants (strongly agreed and agree) agreed that the privacy of internet users is greatly violated; looking at the response for Internet (e-portals) shopping sites cannot be trusted it is indicated that 69. 0% agreed (strongly agreed and agree) where as 22. 2% showed a neutral opinion. The survey indicates that 13. 7% participants were neutral but a highly 90. 3% participants agreed that reduced the risk of liability, e-portals should institute privacy protection policies. RECOMMENDATIONS Measures to Reduce the Consumer’s Negative Perceptions on Security With the kind of negative consumer perception on the e-commerce trading and patronizing with such portals, it becomes important on the part of the owners of such portals to attempt reducing the consumers perceived security (risk) factors. One of such important measures could be the use of seal of approval from a third party agency. Attestation by such third parties on the maintenance of security and privacy levels, may be believed by the consumers, better than the one’s issued by the own agencies of e-commerce portal managements. This improved trust or the confidence level of the consumers, helps improving the online transactions using the e-commerce portals. Secondly, the seal of approval can be treated as a co-branding strategy of a web based e-commerce portal aligning with a trusted third party agency which ultimately leads to the gain of trust/confidence of the potential customers/consumers; as they are assured of security by a neutral agency, which is in line with their expectations (Krishnamurthy amp; Sandeep, 2002). One of the major responsibilities of online consumers is to maintain the privacy. When they look for any e commerce site and intend to do any transactions it is important for them to look for privacy statements of that site (Udo, 2001). According to Udo (2001) sites in which privacy concerns are sensitive should clearly display privacy policies and should offer the consumer to choose to share their personal information or restrict its use and such sites should also state how to use the privacy policies. The following have been provided as the top 12 ways to protect the user’s privacy online (McCandlish, 2002): * Do not reveal personal information inadvertently Turn on cookie notices in your Web browser * Keep a clean’’ e-mail address * Don’t reveal personal details to strangers or just-met friends’’ * Realize you may be monitored at work, avoid sending highly personal e-mail to mailing lists, and keep sensitive files on your home computer * Do not reply to spammers, for anything * Be conscious of Web security * Be consciou s of home computer security * Examine privacy policies and seals * Remember that you decide what information about yourself to reveal, when, why, and to whom * Use encryption Keep sensitive files on your home computer